{"id":2045,"date":"2017-05-24T19:06:14","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T17:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dypall.com\/?p=2045"},"modified":"2017-05-24T19:06:14","modified_gmt":"2017-05-24T17:06:14","slug":"does-political-participation-need-political-parties-and-representation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dypall.com\/pl\/calls\/does-political-participation-need-political-parties-and-representation\/","title":{"rendered":"Czy partycypacja polityczna wymaga partii politycznych i reprezentacji?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

W dniu 26 kwietnia 2017 r. Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Instytut na rzecz Demokracji i Pomocy Wyborczej (International IDEA) zorganizowa\u0142 okr\u0105g\u0142y st\u00f3\u0142 pod has\u0142em \u201eCzy udzia\u0142 w \u017cyciu politycznym wymaga partii politycznych i reprezentacji?\u201d.<\/p>\n

W sk\u0142ad panelu wchodzi\u0142o pi\u0119ciu ekspert\u00f3w w tej sprawie o r\u00f3\u017cnych profilach, w tym przedstawiciele mi\u0119dzynarodowego IDEA i \u015brodowiska akademickiego, cz\u0142onek szwedzkiego parlamentu reprezentuj\u0105cy Parti\u0119 Umiarkowan\u0105, cz\u0142onek szwedzkiej Partii Socjaldemokrat\u00f3w, a tak\u017ce wsp\u00f3\u0142przewodnicz\u0105cy \u015awiatowego Forum Demokracji Bezpo\u015bredniej (reprezentuj\u0105cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c Inicjatyw\u0119 i Instytut Referendum w Europie).<\/p>\n

Podczas tego okr\u0105g\u0142ego sto\u0142u poruszono kilka temat\u00f3w: wzrost populizmu w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych, dost\u0119pne narz\u0119dzia partycypacyjne dla demokracji w obliczu obecnych wyzwa\u0144 kontekstowych, a tak\u017ce rola partii politycznych w demokracji.<\/p>\n

Dzielono si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c do\u015bwiadczeniami szwedzkimi, gdzie wida\u0107 je w m\u0142odszych warstwach spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105cych \u015bwiadomo\u015b\u0107 polityczn\u0105 oraz organizacj\u0119 i mobilizacj\u0119 m\u0142odzie\u017cy, ale nie uczestnictwo w \u017cyciu politycznym. W tym konkretnym scenariuszu podkre\u015blono potrzeb\u0119 wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy w\u0142adz lokalnych z organizacjami m\u0142odzie\u017cowymi, aby lepiej realizowa\u0107 interesy m\u0142odzie\u017cy w lokalnej agendzie. W odniesieniu do konkretnego tematu wzmocnienia i uczynienia bardziej dost\u0119pnymi bezpo\u015brednich mechanizm\u00f3w uczestnictwa obywatelskiego, zwi\u0105zanego z rosn\u0105cym zainteresowaniem m\u0142odzie\u017cy tymi kwestiami, Bruno Kaufman (wsp\u00f3\u0142przewodnicz\u0105cy \u015awiatowego Forum na rzecz Demokracji Bezpo\u015bredniej) wskazuje, \u017ce cyfrowe \u015brodki uczestnictwa umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105 zwi\u0119kszenie demokracji.<\/p>\n

Po tym, jak panel dowi\u00f3d\u0142 wsp\u00f3lnego porozumienia, \u017ce ka\u017cde narz\u0119dzie demokracji uczestnicz\u0105cej powinno by\u0107 infrastruktur\u0105 edukacji obywatelskiej, a zatem nigdy nie powinno by\u0107 instrumentalizowane przez programy polityczne, wyci\u0105gni\u0119to inne g\u0142\u00f3wne wnioski. Istniej\u0105 dwa powody wspierania populizmu: prawn\u0105 i instytucjonaln\u0105 (np. reformy konstytucyjne podj\u0119te na W\u0119grzech i w Turcji) oraz niestabilno\u015b\u0107 spo\u0142eczn\u0105 i gospodarcz\u0105.\u00a0 Powodem tego jest to, \u017ce podstawowe warto\u015bci demokratyczne staj\u0105 si\u0119 pozbawione praktycznego znaczenia dla prawdziwych ludzi. Profesor Pippa Norris (wyk\u0142adowczyni polityki por\u00f3wnawczej na Uniwersytecie Harvarda) podkre\u015bla, \u017ce populizm os\u0142abia \u201esystemy kontroli i r\u00f3wnowagi\u201d na rzecz podej\u015bcia \u201esilnego lidera\u201d.<\/p>\n

Z drugiej strony skutki kryzysu gospodarczego z 2008 r. wskazuj\u0105 na coraz cz\u0119stsze korzystanie z mechanizm\u00f3w uczestnictwa (referend\u00f3w i inicjatyw obywatelskich), a tak\u017ce wi\u0119ksz\u0105 reprezentacj\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnych interes\u00f3w w wyborach krajowych i lokalnych. W zwi\u0105zku z tym bardzo wa\u017cne jest unikanie w\u0142adzy politycznej, aby przej\u0105\u0107 odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 za te narz\u0119dzia, a wyniki tureckiego referendum i polityczne represje kontekstualizuj\u0105ce je s\u0105 tego dowodem.\u00a0 W istocie mechanizmy partycypacyjne powinny obejmowa\u0107 podej\u015bcie wielostronne, b\u0119d\u0105ce narz\u0119dziem aktywno\u015bci obywatelskiej i zaanga\u017cowania obywatelskiego.<\/p>\n

Wreszcie, je\u015bli chodzi o rol\u0119 partii politycznych, uznano, \u017ce powinny one podj\u0105\u0107 bardziej zdecydowane dzia\u0142ania, aby sta\u0107 si\u0119 platform\u0105 dialogu z obywatelami i w\u0142\u0105czenia spo\u0142ecznego (na przyk\u0142ad docieraj\u0105c do obywateli, kt\u00f3rzy nie s\u0105 zainteresowani polityk\u0105 ani nie maj\u0105 informacji na jej temat), a tak\u017ce przestrzeni\u0105 mobilizacji obywateli i rozwijania przyw\u00f3dztwa. Powszechnie uznano r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce partie polityczne powinny uczy\u0107 si\u0119 na swoich b\u0142\u0119dach i w wi\u0119kszym stopniu koncentrowa\u0107 si\u0119 na anga\u017cowaniu i umo\u017cliwianiu obywatelom, a jednocze\u015bnie propagowa\u0107 warto\u015bci odpowiedzialno\u015bci, stabilno\u015bci i przewidywalno\u015bci w swoich programach politycznych.<\/p>\n

W ten spos\u00f3b partie polityczne mog\u0142yby pom\u00f3c w tworzeniu \u015brodowiska \u015bwiadomych obywateli, innymi s\u0142owy os\u00f3b \u015bwiadomych, \u017ce partie populistyczne mobilizuj\u0105 ludzi, aby nie pozwalali im uczestniczy\u0107, a jedynie aby umo\u017cliwi\u0107 przyw\u00f3dcy dzia\u0142anie i podejmowanie decyzji w ich imieniu (jak wida\u0107 w motcie ostatniej kampanii Le Pen \u201eW imieniu ludu\u201d), a nie zawsze w ich najlepszym interesie.<\/p>\n

Je\u015bli jeste\u015b zainteresowany dost\u0119pem do pe\u0142nej tre\u015bci tej dyskusji, to samo mo\u017cna uzyska\u0107 tutaj<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

W dniu 26 kwietnia 2017 r. Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Instytut na rzecz Demokracji i Pomocy Wyborczej (International IDEA) zorganizowa\u0142 okr\u0105g\u0142y st\u00f3\u0142 pod has\u0142em \u201eCzy udzia\u0142 w \u017cyciu politycznym wymaga partii politycznych i reprezentacji?\u201d. W sk\u0142ad panelu wchodzi\u0142o pi\u0119ciu ekspert\u00f3w w tej dziedzinie o r\u00f3\u017cnych profilach, w zwi\u0105zku z czym w jego sk\u0142ad weszli przedstawiciele organizacji mi\u0119dzynarodowych. Czytaj dalej Czy partycypacja polityczna wymaga partii politycznych i reprezentacji?<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[113,115],"class_list":["post-2045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calls","tag-conference","tag-seminar","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDoes political participation need political parties and representation? - DYPALL Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dypall.com\/pl\/calls\/does-political-participation-need-political-parties-and-representation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Does political participation need political parties and representation? - DYPALL Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Focusing on issues surrounding democratic participation, the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), held a round table on the 26th of April 2017, with the theme \u201cDoes political participation need political parties and representation?\u201d. 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